Meteorological Observations

High-tech hardware and software allows to present both the initial data and the analyzed information with the required accuracy and efficiency, which can be transmitted via modern communication channels.
For a complete analysis and further processing of atmospheric processes over the water areas of the studied areas, data are received from the NOAA satellite and satellite-based surface analysis facsimiles, which allow predicting the meteorological situation in the area of interest.

Heat transfer by radiation from the atmosphere and underlying surface (ocean, snow, ice, land surface) is a fundamental factor in the climate system.

In polar regions, changes in the radiation characteristics of the atmosphere and underlying surface, more than in any other place, affect climatic conditions. This is due to large seasonal changes in the albedo of the surface of the Arctic Ocean and the Arctic seas.
Data on the radiation-thermophysical properties of various morphological structures of sea ice and the hydro-optical characteristics of the subglacial layer are necessary to improve the parametrization of snow-ice melting processes in thermodynamic models of sea ice and to evaluate the heating of the subglacial layer of the sea due to penetrating short-wave radiation.

During the expedition, the following types of energy balance and radiation observations and work are carried out:

• measuring the components of the radiation balance of the surface of sea ice;
• measurements of the integral albedo of the characteristic surface types of sea ice;
• Measurement of the integral albedo of characteristic types of iceberg surface;
• measuring the integrated albedo of contaminated ice and changes in the albedo over time;
• measuring the spectral albedo of the characteristic surface types of sea ice;
• measuring the vertical distribution of temperature and density in the snow cover;
• description of the structure and texture of snow;
• measurement of absorption characteristics of short-wave solar radiation in snow-ice cover;
• measurements of attenuation of short-wave solar radiation penetrating under the ice cover into the upper layer of the sea;
• direct measurement of heat fluxes in the snow cover

When performing field expeditions, the whole range of standard meteorological observations is carried out. The laboratory has at its disposal automatic weather stations developed at the AARI, with the help of which the receipt and further processing of the basic weather parameters can be arranged both on board the vessel in real time, or autonomously, on the shore or on the ice.

High-tech hardware and software allows to present both the initial data and the analyzed information with the required accuracy and efficiency, which can be transmitted via modern communication channels.
For a complete analysis and further processing of atmospheric processes over the water areas of the studied areas, data are received from the NOAA satellite and satellite-based surface analysis facsimiles, which allow predicting the meteorological situation in the area of interest.